Vitamin B12 exists in animal food, its abundant source of animal internal organs (liver, kidney, heart), bivalves (clams cockle and oysters), degreasing powder, seafood, crab, fish, salmon, sardines, stone) and egg yolk and other meat, lobster, cod, halibut, tuna, fermented cheese, milk products, butter and cheese. Human gut bacteria also provide a limited amount.
Vitamin B12 in food and protein binding only under the action of gastric juice is free, and gastric pylorus mucous membrane secreted by a glycoprotein (that is, "internal factor"). Trypsin and bicarbonate promote the absorption of vitamin B12. In the ileum, vitamin B12 is separated from the "intrinsic factors" and absorbed by the mucous membrane. In the blood, it is associated with specific alpha-globulins (transcobalamin ⅰ and ⅱ) and transported to the liver, bone marrow cells, reticular cells and other tissues for reserve.
Vitamin B12, known as cobalamin, is one of the B-group vitamins. It is complex organic compounds of corrin containing cobalt. The trivalent cobalt is located at the center of the corrin ring plane similar to porphyrin. Vitamin B12 is the largest and most complex vitamin molecule that has been discovered so far, and it is also the only vitamin that contains metal ions. Its crystals are red, so it is also called a red vitamin. The liver is the best source of Vitamin B12, followed by milk, meat, eggs, and fish. Lack of Vitamin B12 will lead to pernicious anemia. In addition, Vitamin B12 is a necessary coenzyme for the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 can cause pathological changes of the nervous system such as peripheral nerves and central encephalopathy.
Function
1. Prevent pernicious anemia, and maintain the health of the nervous system;
2. Increase the utilization of folic acid and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins;
3. It has the function of activating Amino Acids and promoting the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. It has an important effect on the growth and development of infants and young children.
4. Metabolize fatty acids, make body use fat, carbohydrates and proteins properly.
5. Eliminate irritability, pay attention, enhance memory and balance.
6. Maintain the nervous system healthy and involved in the formation of lipoprotein in neural tissues.
Application
1. Pharmaceutical field
(1) Treatment and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency.
(2) Prevent anemia caused by gastrectomy, malabsorption syndrome and deficiency of vitamin B12.
(3) Supply the increasing demand of vitamin B12 caused by wasting diseases, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, breastfeeding, etc.
(4) Nutritional and pregnancy anemia.
(5) Anaemia of broadhead split head ascariasis.
(6) Anemia of liver disorders.
(7) Leukopenia caused by radioactivity.
(8) Relieve nerve pain, muscle pain, joint pain.
(9) Treat neuroticism, irritability, insomnia, memory loss, and depression.
2. Feed additives
① Relieve poor growth and anemia caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 in pigs and chickens;
② Cure endemic wasting of cattle and sheep in areas of lacking cobalt;
③ non-specific treatment of neuritis and neuralgia;
④ Improve the utilization rate of feed protein;
⑤The breeding of economic animals;
⑥ Improve the tolerance of fish for toxic substances such as benzene and heavy metals by treating fish eggs or fry with B12 solution .
⑦ Promote the growth and development of poultry, especially young birds and young animals.
3. Cosmetics
VB12 is compounded with other substances for cosmetics.
4. Food field
VB12 can be used as a coloring agent for ham, sausage, ice cream, fish sauce and other foods.
5. Daily chemical field
Make into soap, toothpaste, etc. And used for deodorization of toilets and refrigerators, eliminate the smell of sulfides and aldehydes.
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